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(No Model.) 3 SheetsSheet 1.

J. H. SIMPSON. MANUFACTURE OF TURN BUGKL'ES. No. 402,690. Patented May7,1889.

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- J. H. SIMPSON.

MANUFACTURE OF TURN BUGKLBS.

No. 402,690. Patented May 7, 1889.

(No Model.) M Q 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

" J. H. SIMPSON.

MANUFACTURE OF TURN BUGKLES.

No. 402,690. I Patented May '7, 188,9.

N. PETERS, Pholo-Lilhngnpher, Wuhi nnnnnn Q UNITED STATES ATENT FFIcE.

JAMES H. SIMPSON, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO CARNEGIE,PHIPPS & COMPANY, (LIMITED) OF SAME'PLACE.

MANUFACTURE OF TU RN-BUCKLES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 402,690, dated May '7,1889.

Application filed May 4, 1888. Serial No. 272,7 56. (No model.)

'which I make turn-buckles according to my improved process.

Fig. 2 is an end View thereof. Fig. 3 is. a plan view of one of the dieswhich I use in the process, showing the end dies in vertical section.Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of the two dies shown in connection withan interposed blank which has been operated on by the dies. Fig. 5,Sheet 2, is a plan View of one of the turn-buckle blanks after itsmiddle portion has been punched out according to the second step of theprocess. Fig. 6 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line ca 00 ofFig. 5. Fig. 7 is a vertical cross-section on the line 'y y of Fig. 6.Fig. 8 is a face view of one of the finishing-dies. Fig. 9 is a verticalcross-section of both finishing-dies with an interposed turnbuckle. Fig.10, Sheet 3, is a horizontal 1ongitudinal section on the line z 2 ofFig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a similar view showing a modified form of die, in which onlya part of the turnbuckle is shaped at one operation. Fig. 12, Sheet 2,is a side view of the finished turnbuckle. Fig. 13 is a plan Viewthereof. Fig. 14 is a vertical cross-section on the line a u. of Fig.13. Fig. 15 is an end view of the turnbuckle shown in Fig. 13.

Like symbols of reference indicate like parts in each.

In the practice of my invention I first take a blank, 2, consisting of atubular piece of wrought iron or steel of about the desired length ofthe turn-buckle, and compress it at its middle portion, leaving the endsstill tubular, there being preferably one or more pieces of metalinserted within the tube before compression, so that its sides shall beflattened down upon this piece, as shown in Fig. 4. I then take thearticle in this stage of its manufacture, punch out the middle portion,and then, by means of an expanding-die, swell out the sides of thepunched part so as to bring it into the shape shown in Figs. 5, 6, and7. Then, by means of suitable dies, or otherwise, I shape the sides ofthe cut-out portion so as to bring them into a regular round orelliptical form, and by means of a suitable tool inserted at the ends ofthe blank I enlarge the tubular openings thereof, so as to make themregular and to take away the flattening effect, which is produced bycompressing and cutting out the middle part of the blank. This finishesthe turn-buckle so far as the forging and shaping process is concerned,leaving it in condition to be tapped at the ends in the usual way.

The blank 2 may either be a piece of metal of complete tubular form orit may be a piece of metal bent aproximately into the form of a tube. InFig. 2 I show the blank made tubular in outline, but not welded, thetube being parted and scarfed. The subsequent treatment of the blank issufficient to weld these scarfed edges together.

Having thus generally stated my improved process, I will now describethe means which I have devised for successfully putting it intopractice.

The first step of the process is carried out by means of the dies shownin Figs. 3 and 4;

There are two dies, 3 4, of the shape shown in these figures,whichoperate upon the sides of the blank, and end dies or cheelcpieces, 5,which are adapted to fit against the ends of the dies 3 and 4 and whichcarry mandrels 6, which are intended to fit within the hollow ends ofthe blank. I take the blank 2 of the shape shown in Figs. 1 and 2, andhaving placed in the blank a filling piece or pieces of metal, 7, I setthe blank between the dies 3 and 4, with the mandrels 6 fitting withinthe ends of the blank. For this purpose the dies 5 are made movable toand from the ends of theblank. The dies 3 and 4, or one of them, arethen moved to compress the side of the blank and flatten it down in themiddle, as shown in Fig. 4, the mandrels 6 at the same time preventingthe tubular shape of the ends of the blank from being distorted. Then bymeans of punches and an expanding-mandrel of suitable kind, which arenot necessary to be shown in the drawings, I punch out the middle partof the flattened blank with the interposed piece 7 and force out orexpand the sides of the excised portion, so as to bring it into theforms shown in Figs. 5, [hand 7,thus reducing it approximately into theform of the finished turn-buckle. It, however, needs further treatment,because the sides of the flattened portion which form the straps of thebuckle are not regular, and the inner ends of the tubular portion of thebuckle are contracted. In order then to shape the sides of the buckleand to shape the nuts, I employ the dies which are shown in Figs. 8,0,and 10. These comprise two dies, 8 and 9, which are provided withcavities or working-faces of the shape of the finished turnbuckle andwith central tongues, 10, which are adapted to fit within the internalcavity of the finished buckle. There are also end dies, 11, havingcylindrical tongues 12,which are adapted to enter cavities 13 at theends of the dies 8 and 9. The external diameter of the tongues 12 issubstantially the same as the internal diameter of the ends or nuts ofthe finished buckle. The blank is then placed between the dies 8 and 9,so that these dies shall engage the sides of the blank, and the dies 11are moved up so that their tongues 12 shall enter the cavities 13 at theends of the dies 8 and 9, and shall also enter the tubular ends of theblank. The entrance of the dies 11 and tongues 12 compresses and shapesthe tubular ends of the blank and redueesthem to proper tubular form, asshown in Fig. 10, and the working-dies S and 9, acting upon the sides ofthe blank, shape the straps of the turn-b uckle, weld them to thefilling, and reduce them to regular form, as clearly shown in Fig. 9.The dies 8, 9, and 11 are actuated by suitable cams, which give them acompressing action, as will be readily understood. \Vhen the article istaken out of the dies shown in Figs. 8, f), and 10, it will be reducedto the finished form, which is illustrated in Figs. 12, 13, 14., and 15.

Of course in shaping and acting on the blank by means of the dies 8 andO the blank should be suitably heated to a welding heat before beingplaced within the dies. \Vith regard to these dies, their compressingaction not only shapes the sides of the article, but completes the weldbetween the turnbuckle and the interposed filling, '7, thus making allthe parts of the turn-buckle integral and producing a uniform article ofvery great strength.

In Fig. 11 I show a modified form of the dies. Here, instead of makingthe dies 8 and 9 sufficiently long to shape the whole turnbuckle atonce, I make them of only one half or more of the length and use onlyone of the dies 11. \Vhen dies of this form are used, the ends of theturn-buckle are shaped separately-that is to say, after shaping a partof it, as shown in Fig. 1.1, the turn-buckle is removed and reversed andthe other part is shaped by the dies. Other modifications of theapparatus which I employ may be made by those skilled in the art, and myinvention is not limited thereto, since in this application I claim onlythe process of shaping the buckle as covered by me in the followingclaims. The process may also be modified by omission of some of thesteps or substitution thereof by other steps of an analogous kind.

The advantages of my invention will be appreciated by those skilled inthe art. The turn-buckles produced are very' strong, because there areno welds which are liable to be broken when the buckle is subjected tostrain, and the process can be practiced with little cost and veryrapidly. The advantage of the interposition of the filling-piece 7 isthat the sides of the filling serve to re-eni'orce the straps of thebuckle, and to make them of the desired thickness and of great strength.The process may, however, be practiced by omitting the use of thisinserted piece.

I claim as my invention 1. An improvement in the art of makingturndmckles, which consists in dividing a tubular or hollow blanklongitudinally be tween its ends and then shaping the blank by forging,substantially as and for the purposes described.

2. An improvement in the art of making turn-buckles, which consists inflattening a tubular or hollow blank between its ends and forming thestraps by cutting out the flattened part longitudinally, substantiallyas and for the purposes described.

An improvement in the art of making turn-buckles, which consists informing the straps by dividing a tubular or hollow blanklongitiulil'ially between its ends and compressing and shaping the endsto form the nuts, substantially as and for the purposes de' scribed.

4. An improvement in the art of making turn-buckles, which consists informing the straps by dividing a tubular or hollow blank longitudinallybetween its ends, forging the strap portions, and compressing andshaping the ends to form the nuts, substantially as and for the purposesdescribed.

5. An improvement in the art of making turn-bucldes, which consists inflattening a tubular or hollow blank between its ends upon an insertedfilling and forming the st 'aps by cutting out the longitudinal middlepart of the flattened portion and filling, and then shaping and weldingthe blank by forging, substantially as and for the purposes de scribed.

6. An lli'lDl'OVGl'llGlll] in the art of making turn-buckles, whichconsists in forming -a blank with straps, and hollow or tubular nutportions, and compressing endwise and shapin g the nut portions upon inandrels and within dies, substantially as and for the purposesdescribed.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 2d day of May, A.D. 1888.

JAMES II. SIMPSON.

\Vitnesses:

W. B. CORVVIN, .Lvo. K. SMITH.

